Maritime transport is the backbone of international trade, enabling the efficient movement of large volumes of goods across oceans and seas, connecting markets on every continent.

In South America, foreign trade is highly dependent on its ports, which act as gateways to and from the regional economy. Thanks to an interconnected network of routes and logistics operators, maritime transport in the region offers safe and competitive options, covering modes such as FCL (Full Container Load), LCL (Less than Container Load), RO-RO (Roll-On/Roll-Off) and Project Cargo.

For international exporters looking to access the South American market, following a structured process is essential to ensure successful shipments. Below is a step-by-step guide.

1. Product identification and customs regulations: Before starting an export, it is crucial to know the nature of the product and its regulatory requirements in the destination country. Tariff classification, required permits and any restrictions that may apply should be reviewed. It is also wise to keep up to date with the latest changes in import regulations and possible trade agreements between the exporting country and the country of destination.

2. Choice of transport mode: depending on the type of cargo and its urgency, a choice must be made between:

• FCL (Full Container Load): this type of transport is ideal for companies that export large volumes of goods, as the container is used exclusively by a single shipper. It is recommended for products such as machinery, manufactured goods in large quantities and raw materials.
• LCL (Less than Container Load): allows several companies to share a container when their cargo volumes do not justify the use of a full container. It is an efficient option for exporters of smaller volume products such as textiles, consumer electronics and industrial spare parts.
• RO-RO (Roll-On/Roll-Off): designed for the transport of vehicles and rolling machinery, this transport method allows cars, trucks, tractors and other equipment to be transported without having to be dismantled. It is often used in the export of transport fleets, agricultural machinery and construction equipment.
• Project Cargo: used for shipping oversized or heavy cargo such as turbines, generators, cranes or prefabricated structures. This type of cargo requires customized logistics solutions and detailed planning for proper handling and transportation.

It is important to evaluate the combination of cost, transit time and specific product requirements to select the best mode of maritime transport.

3. Selection of ports of departure and destination: exporters must analyze the port options in their country of origin and select the most suitable one according to route availability and cost. In South America, the main ports are:

• Santos, Brazil
• Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Callao, Peru
• Puerto de San Antonio, in Valparaiso, Chile
• Guayaquil, Ecuador
• Puerto de Buenaventura, Colombia

It is a good idea to know the infrastructure of the port of destination, its cargo handling capacity and average customs clearance times to avoid unnecessary delays.

4. Contract transportation and insurance: working with a logistics provider or freight forwarder with experience in the South American market guarantees efficient shipment management. It is also strongly recommended to insure the cargo to protect it against unforeseen events such as damage, loss or delivery delays. The best rates and transport conditions must be negotiated with the shipping company or freight forwarder, including options for cargo consolidation and optimization of logistics costs.

5. Documentation and customs formalities: proper management of documentation will avoid delays at customs and possible penalties. Key documents need to be compiled and managed, such as:

• Commercial invoice: document detailing the purchase and sale transaction between the exporter and the importer.
• Packing list: detailed list of the contents of each package or container. · Bill of Lading: document issued by the shipping company certifying receipt of the cargo and its transportation to destination.
• Certificates of origin and phytosanitary certificates: required to comply with import regulations and trade agreements.
• Destination-specific customs documentation: Each country has specific customs requirements that must be verified in advance.
• Transport insurance policy: protects the goods in case of loss or any other type of incident.
• Document proof of compliance with international regulations: it is essential to comply with current Incoterms and environmental regulations.
• Quality and conformity certificates: Depending on the product, some countries require additional certifications.
• Government authorizations: regulated products such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food may require special permits.

6. Loading and shipment coordination: once the documentation is confirmed, the goods are transported to the port of departure and coordinated with the shipping line for shipment. Close monitoring of the cargo consolidation process, documentation verification and clearance at the port terminal is recommended to avoid delays or cost overruns.

7. Shipment tracking and supply chain management: exporters must monitor the status of the shipment using real-time tracking platforms. Having accurate information at every stage helps to anticipate any eventuality and improve supply chain efficiency.

8. Customs clearance and delivery at destination: once the ship arrives at the port of destination, the customs process begins. Hiring a local customs agent can make the process easier, as these professionals know the specific regulations and can expedite the process.

9. Evaluation and ongoing process improvement: after completing an export, it is a good idea to evaluate the entire process to identify opportunities to improve costs, transit times, and logistical efficiency.

A company experienced in exporting goods by ship to South America

Exporting to South America by ocean freight requires detailed planning and selection of the best options at each stage of the process. Following the steps in this guide allows companies to optimize their operations and ensure a successful logistics flow when trading with South America.

At Logisber, we specialize in the export of goods by sea to all South American countries. Our team of international logistics experts offers customized solutions to each of our customers. If you want to grow your business in the South American market, contact Logisber now and we will advise you on all aspects of the logistics chain.